The same models, mixed differently: brands and models across eight markets
European used-car market · Brand and model mix · Measured on dealer listings created in July 2026.
Across eight European markets, dealers listed 1.1 million used cars in July 2026, and no single model accounts for even five per cent of any market. Concentration sits at brand level: the largest brand in a market takes between 9.9 and 18.0 per cent of listings, the largest model between 2.4 and 4.3 per cent.
- Dealer listings · 8 markets (DK, SE, DE, IT, ES, NL, BE, AT)
- Used cars · new listings per month (flow)
- July 2026 · listings, not sales
- Source: National used-car listing data · dealer listings
Two levels, two pictures
Two levels, two picturesA brand carries many models, so part of the gap between the two levels is arithmetic. What is not arithmetic is how consistently flat the model level is: from the most to the least concentrated market, the largest model varies by 1.9 percentage points, across eight markets with entirely different cars at the top.
Market | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
|---|---|---|---|
AT | Volkswagen · 16.0% | BMW · 9.2% | Mercedes-Benz · 8.8% |
BE | BMW · 10.3% | Peugeot · 10.2% | Volkswagen · 10.2% |
DE | Volkswagen · 15.6% | Mercedes-Benz · 13.1% | BMW · 8.4% |
DK | Volkswagen · 16.2% | Mercedes-Benz · 7.2% | Škoda · 6.2% |
ES | Peugeot · 9.9% | Volkswagen · 7.1% | Citroën · 5.9% |
IT | Fiat · 11.3% | Audi · 8.3% | Volkswagen · 7.7% |
NL | Volkswagen · 12.3% | Mercedes-Benz · 7.0% | BMW · 6.8% |
SE | Volvo · 18.0% | Volkswagen · 13.4% | BMW · 7.2% |
The three most-listed brands in each market, by share of that market's new dealer listings.
At brand level, first place goes to a handful of names. Volkswagen leads 4 of the eight markets; BMW, Fiat, Peugeot and Volvo take the rest. All 8 markets have at least one German brand in their top three, in every month of the window.
Market | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
|---|---|---|---|
AT | Volkswagen Golf · 3.8% | Škoda Octavia · 2.8% | BMW 3 Series · 2.0% |
BE | Volkswagen Golf · 3.1% | BMW 1 Series · 2.1% | BMW 3 Series · 2.1% |
DE | Volkswagen Golf · 3.7% | Opel Corsa · 2.0% | Mercedes-Benz C-Class · 2.0% |
DK | Volkswagen ID.4 · 3.7% | Škoda Enyaq · 3.0% | Volkswagen ID.3 · 2.8% |
ES | Peugeot 2008 · 2.4% | Peugeot 208 · 2.2% | Peugeot 3008 · 1.9% |
IT | Fiat Panda · 2.7% | Fiat 500 · 1.9% | Volkswagen Golf · 1.9% |
NL | Volkswagen Golf · 3.0% | Volkswagen Polo · 2.3% | BMW 3 Series · 1.5% |
SE | Volvo XC60 · 4.3% | Volvo V60 · 2.7% | Volkswagen Golf · 2.7% |
The three most-listed models in each market, by share of that market's new dealer listings.
At model level the leaders are more scattered. One model tops 4 markets, the Volkswagen Golf, and no other model appears at the top of more than one. What leads varies by market: the Fiat Panda in Italy, the Peugeot 2008 in Spain, the Volvo XC60 in Sweden, the Volkswagen ID.4 in Denmark.
Both of those counts have held steady across every month of the window.
Below first place, the ranking is not a finding
Below first place, the ranking is not a findingIn every market and every month of the window, at least one pair of adjacent positions is separated by fewer than a hundred listings out of hundreds of thousands. In July 2026 the closest such pair sits in Belgium, at 85 listings.
Which positions, and in which market, does not hold from one month to the next. In Germany the gap between third and fourth place has been 308, 72, 147 and 1,178 listings across the 4 months: the same market, a different picture each time.
The same holds one level up. In Belgium the three largest brands sit at 10.33, 10.18 and 10.15 per cent of listings: the whole of the top three fits inside 0.17 of a percentage point.
That instability is the point. Below first place, the ordering is largely a matter of which listings happened to be created that month. The level is the finding, the ranking is not.
Model concentration is uniform. Brand concentration is not.
Model concentration is uniform. Brand concentration is not.Two different things are worth separating here: how much the markets differ from each other, and how much each market moves between months.
Across markets, the ten most-listed models account for 15.3 per cent (the Netherlands) to 21.1 per cent (Denmark) of listings, a spread of 5.8 percentage points. The ten most-listed brands account for 60.3 per cent (Spain) to 74.3 per cent (Sweden), a spread of 14.0 points. Markets resemble each other in how thinly listings spread across models, and differ substantially in how much their largest brands dominate.
Between months, both measures are steady. Across the window the model figure moved 0.8 and 1.5 percentage points at its two ends, the brand figure 1.2 and 1.7.
Top ten brands by share of new dealer listings
Rank | AT | BE | DE | DK | ES | IT | NL | SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Volkswagen · 16.0% | BMW · 10.3% | Volkswagen · 15.6% | Volkswagen · 16.2% | Peugeot · 9.9% | Fiat · 11.3% | Volkswagen · 12.3% | Volvo · 18.0% |
2 | BMW · 9.2% | Peugeot · 10.2% | Mercedes-Benz · 13.1% | Mercedes-Benz · 7.2% | Volkswagen · 7.1% | Audi · 8.3% | Mercedes-Benz · 7.0% | Volkswagen · 13.4% |
3 | Mercedes-Benz · 8.8% | Volkswagen · 10.2% | BMW · 8.4% | Škoda · 6.2% | Citroën · 5.9% | Volkswagen · 7.7% | BMW · 6.8% | BMW · 7.2% |
4 | Audi · 8.8% | Mercedes-Benz · 8.9% | Audi · 8.4% | BMW · 6.0% | Audi · 5.7% | BMW · 5.9% | Ford · 6.2% | KIA · 7.2% |
5 | Škoda · 7.6% | Citroën · 7.3% | Opel · 7.3% | Peugeot · 5.8% | KIA · 5.5% | Peugeot · 5.6% | Peugeot · 6.0% | Toyota · 6.2% |
6 | Ford · 5.2% | Audi · 6.8% | Ford · 5.9% | Ford · 5.7% | Mercedes-Benz · 5.5% | Mercedes-Benz · 5.6% | Audi · 5.6% | Mercedes-Benz · 6.2% |
7 | Opel · 3.9% | Renault · 4.8% | Škoda · 5.0% | Audi · 4.7% | BMW · 5.3% | Ford · 5.2% | Toyota · 5.5% | Audi · 5.3% |
8 | Toyota · 3.6% | Ford · 4.6% | Peugeot · 4.3% | Citroën · 4.3% | Renault · 5.3% | Renault · 5.0% | Renault · 5.4% | Ford · 4.4% |
9 | SEAT · 3.6% | Opel · 4.5% | Hyundai · 3.3% | KIA · 3.9% | SEAT · 5.2% | Opel · 4.7% | Opel · 5.3% | Škoda · 3.4% |
10 | Peugeot · 3.5% | Toyota · 2.9% | Renault · 2.8% | Renault · 3.9% | Ford · 4.9% | Citroën · 3.9% | Volvo · 4.7% | Renault · 2.9% |
Top 10 | 70.1% | 70.6% | 74.2% | 63.7% | 60.3% | 63.3% | 64.9% | 74.3% |
The three most-listed models in Denmark are the Volkswagen ID.4, the Škoda Enyaq and the Volkswagen ID.3. No other market’s top three looks like that. This is consistent with the powertrain report, where Denmark is the only market in which electric is the largest powertrain among new listings, at 49 per cent in July 2026, against 14 per cent in the next highest market.
Top ten models by share of new dealer listings
Rank | AT | BE | DE | DK | ES | IT | NL | SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Volkswagen Golf · 3.8% | Volkswagen Golf · 3.1% | Volkswagen Golf · 3.7% | Volkswagen ID.4 · 3.7% | Peugeot 2008 · 2.4% | Fiat Panda · 2.7% | Volkswagen Golf · 3.0% | Volvo XC60 · 4.3% |
2 | Škoda Octavia · 2.8% | BMW 1 Series · 2.1% | Opel Corsa · 2.0% | Škoda Enyaq · 3.0% | Peugeot 208 · 2.2% | Fiat 500 · 1.9% | Volkswagen Polo · 2.3% | Volvo V60 · 2.7% |
3 | BMW 3 Series · 2.0% | BMW 3 Series · 2.1% | Mercedes-Benz C-Class · 2.0% | Volkswagen ID.3 · 2.8% | Peugeot 3008 · 1.9% | Volkswagen Golf · 1.9% | BMW 3 Series · 1.5% | Volkswagen Golf · 2.7% |
4 | Audi A4 · 1.7% | Peugeot 3008 · 1.9% | BMW 3 Series · 1.7% | Peugeot 208 · 1.9% | Nissan Qashqai · 1.8% | Audi A4 · 1.6% | Opel Corsa · 1.4% | Volvo XC40 · 1.7% |
5 | Volkswagen Tiguan · 1.6% | Citroën Berlingo · 1.8% | Mercedes-Benz E-Class · 1.6% | Fiat 500 · 1.8% | Citroën C3 · 1.7% | Citroën C3 · 1.6% | Toyota Yaris · 1.3% | Volkswagen Passat · 1.7% |
6 | Audi A3 · 1.5% | Citroën C3 · 1.7% | Volkswagen Tiguan · 1.4% | Mercedes-Benz EQA · 1.7% | Citroën C4 · 1.7% | Dacia Sandero · 1.5% | Audi A3 · 1.2% | KIA Ceed · 1.5% |
7 | Mercedes-Benz Citan · 1.4% | Audi A3 · 1.6% | Opel Astra · 1.4% | Volkswagen Golf · 1.6% | Volkswagen Golf · 1.6% | Renault Captur · 1.4% | Ford Focus · 1.2% | BMW 3 Series · 1.5% |
8 | BMW 5 Series · 1.4% | Volkswagen Polo · 1.6% | Audi A3 · 1.4% | Tesla Model Y · 1.5% | Opel Corsa · 1.5% | Audi A3 · 1.4% | Renault Clio · 1.2% | BMW 5 Series · 1.4% |
9 | Audi A6 · 1.3% | Peugeot 208 · 1.5% | Audi A6 · 1.3% | Tesla Model 3 · 1.5% | Hyundai Tucson · 1.5% | Peugeot 208 · 1.4% | Peugeot 208 · 1.2% | Volvo V90 · 1.2% |
10 | Volkswagen Polo · 1.3% | Mercedes-Benz A-Class · 1.4% | Volkswagen T-Roc · 1.3% | Polestar 2 · 1.5% | KIA Sportage · 1.5% | Renault Clio · 1.4% | Ford Fiesta · 1.1% | Volvo V70 · 1.2% |
Top 10 | 18.7% | 18.8% | 17.7% | 21.1% | 17.9% | 16.8% | 15.3% | 20.1% |
The models a brand lists are broadly the same across Europe. The proportions are not.
Brand | Model | AT | BE | DE | DK | ES | IT | NL | SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volkswagen | Golf | 24% | 30% | 24% | 10% | 22% | 25% | 24% | 20% |
Volkswagen | Polo | 8% | 16% | 7% | 7% | 13% | 14% | 18% | 5% |
Volkswagen | Tiguan | 10% | 9% | 9% | 2% | 14% | 12% | 9% | 9% |
Volkswagen | T-Roc | 6% | 8% | 8% | 2% | 16% | 17% | 7% | 5% |
Volkswagen | T-Cross | 3% | 4% | 4% | 1% | 9% | 7% | 3% | 2% |
Mercedes-Benz | C-Class | 12% | 15% | 15% | 11% | 13% | 9% | 15% | 16% |
Mercedes-Benz | A-Class | 7% | 15% | 8% | 5% | 21% | 21% | 14% | 7% |
Mercedes-Benz | E-Class | 9% | 8% | 12% | 6% | 5% | 5% | 8% | 16% |
Mercedes-Benz | GLC | 7% | 7% | 9% | 3% | 12% | 12% | 6% | 8% |
Mercedes-Benz | CLA | 7% | 12% | 8% | 5% | 13% | 7% | 7% | 8% |
Audi | A3 | 17% | 24% | 17% | 11% | 18% | 17% | 22% | 15% |
Audi | A4 | 20% | 10% | 13% | 6% | 8% | 19% | 9% | 12% |
Audi | Q3 | 8% | 11% | 9% | 4% | 17% | 15% | 10% | 5% |
Audi | A6 | 15% | 10% | 16% | 5% | 4% | 5% | 10% | 19% |
Audi | Q5 | 9% | 7% | 9% | 5% | 8% | 12% | 9% | 7% |
BMW | 3 Series | 21% | 20% | 20% | 9% | 12% | 15% | 22% | 21% |
BMW | 1 Series | 8% | 21% | 13% | 4% | 17% | 19% | 14% | 11% |
BMW | X1 | 11% | 9% | 10% | 3% | 15% | 16% | 8% | 8% |
BMW | 5 Series | 15% | 9% | 13% | 7% | 4% | 7% | 12% | 19% |
BMW | 2 Series | 6% | 9% | 10% | 1% | 11% | 8% | 6% | 3% |
Peugeot | 208 | 11% | 15% | 20% | 33% | 22% | 25% | 20% | 11% |
Peugeot | 2008 | 14% | 10% | 23% | 15% | 24% | 21% | 18% | 12% |
Peugeot | 3008 | 23% | 19% | 19% | 11% | 19% | 23% | 12% | 16% |
Peugeot | 308 | 15% | 9% | 11% | 12% | 12% | 8% | 11% | 10% |
Peugeot | 5008 | 14% | 5% | 11% | 7% | 8% | 9% | 6% | 9% |
Opel | Corsa | 15% | 27% | 27% | 25% | 33% | 24% | 26% | 17% |
Opel | Astra | 15% | 18% | 19% | 18% | 13% | 20% | 16% | 27% |
Opel | Mokka | 11% | 9% | 15% | 23% | 22% | 26% | 9% | 13% |
Opel | Grandland | 9% | 5% | 9% | 7% | 9% | 5% | 8% | 8% |
Opel | Crossland | 4% | 5% | 6% | 6% | 10% | 7% | 7% | 2% |
Each figure is the model's share of that brand's own listings in that market, so markets of very different size can be read side by side. A blank cell means the brand had fewer than 100 listings in that market.
The Golf is 30 per cent of Volkswagen’s listings in Belgium and 10 per cent in Denmark. The A-Class is 21 per cent of Mercedes-Benz’s listings in Italy and 5 per cent in Denmark. The Corsa is 33 per cent of Opel’s listings in Spain and 17 per cent in Sweden.
These are the figures that move most between months. The pattern is what to read here; the exact proportions are not.
How this report is produced
How this report is producedDescriptive patterns in listing data. Movements may reflect market dynamics, mix shifts, seasonality or data artefacts; no causal claims are made.
Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
Source | National used-car listing data · dealer listings |
Markets | DK · SE · DE · IT · ES · NL · BE · AT |
Unit | Listing · not sale |
Time axis | Listing creation month (flow) |
Population | Used cars · dealer listings only |
Anchor month | July 2026 |
Window | April to July 2026 |
Levels | Brand · model · model share within brand |
Data as of | 13 August 2026 |
Method version | 5 |
- Listings, not sales. Figures show what dealers advertise, not what they sell. A listing is a seller’s decision to bring a car to market, which is an early signal of where sellers think demand is.
- Share is of new listings that month, not of total inventory. A share sounds like a statement about the state of the market; that is not what is measured here.
- The anchor month is a choice, not a date stamp. Figures describe the anchor month. Where a figure moves materially across the window, this report says so; and the more narrowly a figure is cut, the more it moves. A single model within a single brand in a single market rests on a few thousand listings and can shift several points between months; a whole market’s top ten rests on hundreds of thousands and barely moves.
- One source per market. Each market’s share is calculated against that market’s own listings. Because coverage differs between countries, levels are comparable as proportions but rest on slightly different underlying populations.
- One population per report. Each report is computed against its own population, chosen for the question that report asks. Where two reports describe the same market and the same month, their figures may still differ, and they are not designed to add up.
- Movement, not trend. Seasonal comparison needs a longer window than this report covers. Movement within the window is described; it is not read as direction.
Specific to this report:
- Brand nationality is heritage, not ownership. Škoda counts as Czech and Volvo as Swedish, whoever owns them now. The origin report sets out the choice and what the alternative would give.
- Light commercial vehicles are included and appear in the tables. These are not passenger-car rankings.
- Model names are not normalised at source. Strings are grouped by brand-specific rules: M-models fold into their series, and the Golf family is folded together to match how other model names already work.
- New model names appear each month. The mapping is rebuilt before each run; anything unmapped reduces the denominator rather than vanishing from it.
